MIN E - Mining Engineering

Offered By:
Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research

Below are the courses available from the MIN E subject code. Select a course to view the available classes, additional class notes, and class times

10 Minute Mail Free Temporary Email. Why would you use this? Maybe you want to sign up for a site which requires that you provide an e-mail address to send validation e-mail to. E minor 7th chord. The Solution below shows the E minor 7th chord in root position, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd inversions, on the piano, treble clef and bass clef. The Lesson steps then explain how to construct this 7th chord using the 3rd, 5th and 7th note intervals, then finally how to construct the inverted chord variations. For a quick summary of this topic, have a look at Seventh chord. 600 2 2/3 1 1/3 16 hrs 8 hrs 4 hrs 2 hrs 1 hr 1hr 30 min 30 min 30 min 15 min 15 min 500 2 days 1 day 12 hrs 6 hrs 3 hrs 1.5 hrs 45 min 30 min 15 min. Title: Microsoft Word - E Cylinder Time Chart Author: lorige Created Date: 3/6/2012 3:42:27 PM.

MIN E 295 - Introduction to Mining Engineering View Available Classes

Mining concepts and terminology, company operations, stages of mining, unit mining operations, surface and underground mine development and methods, feasibility studies and mine costs, ethics, equity, sustainable development and environmental stewardship, public and worker safety and health considerations including the context of the Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act.

MIN E 310 - Ore Reserve Estimation View Available Classes

Conventional and geostatistical methods for construction of orebody models. Contouring techniques for mapping bounding surfaces of stratigraphic layers. Coordinate transforms and geometric techniques. Estimation and simulation methods for characterizing ore grade variability. Ore reserve classification, uncertainty assessment, mine selectivity, and grade control. Co-requisites: MATH 209, EAS 210, and MIN E 325.

MIN E 323 - Rock Mechanics View Available Classes

Mechanical properties of rock masses, field and laboratory determination; classification and index testing; permeability and flow; stresses around underground openings, elastic prototypes and numerical methods; ground support principles and mechanics of common support systems, loads on supports; hydraulic backfill, earth pressures, consolidation theory and practical consequences in mining; mechanics of subsidence and caving; rockburst mechanics; slope stability, rock mechanics instrumentation. Prerequisite: CIV E 270.

MIN E 323A - Rock Mechanics View Available Classes

Mechanical properties of rock masses, field and laboratory determination; classification and index testing; permeability and flow; stresses around underground openings, elastic prototypes and numerical methods; ground support principles and mechanics of common support systems, loads on supports; hydraulic backfill, earth pressures, consolidation theory and practical consequences in mining; mechanics of subsidence and caving; rockburst mechanics; slope stability, rock mechanics instrumentation. Prerequisite: CIV E 270.

MIN E 323B - Rock Mechanics View Available Classes

Mechanical properties of rock masses, field and laboratory determination; classification and index testing; permeability and flow; stresses around underground openings, elastic prototypes and numerical methods; ground support principles and mechanics of common support systems, loads on supports; hydraulic backfill, earth pressures, consolidation theory and practical consequences in mining; mechanics of subsidence and caving; rockburst mechanics; slope stability, rock mechanics instrumentation. Prerequisite: CIV E 270.

MIN E 324 - Drilling, Blasting, and Explosives View Available Classes

Drilling methods, breakage mechanics, performance, and equipment. Explosive characteristics, initiation systems, selection, handling, and loading. Blasting, rock dynamics, design of surface and underground blasts, fragmentation prediction, vibrations and damage control, monitoring. Prerequisite: MIN E 295.

MIN E 325 - Mine Planning and Design View Available Classes

Introduction to mine planning and design using professional software tools. Drillhole databases; drillhole compositing; surfaces and solids; geological and economic block models; open pit mine layout and planning requirements; pit limit optimization; haul road design; pit and waste dump design; long and short-term mine production scheduling; cut-off grade optimization. Prerequisites: MIN E 295, CIV E 265.

MIN E 325A - Mine Planning and Design View Available Classes

Introduction to mine planning and design using professional software tools. Drillhole databases; drillhole compositing; surfaces and solids; geological and economic block models; open pit mine layout and planning requirements; pit limit optimization; haul road design; pit and waste dump design; long and short-term mine production scheduling; cut-off grade optimization. Prerequisites: MIN E 295, CIV E 265.

MIN E 325B - Mine Planning and Design View Available Classes

Introduction to mine planning and design using professional software tools. Drillhole databases; drillhole compositing; surfaces and solids; geological and economic block models; open pit mine layout and planning requirements; pit limit optimization; haul road design; pit and waste dump design; long and short-term mine production scheduling; cut-off grade optimization. Prerequisites: MIN E 295, CIV E 265.

MIN E 330 - Mine Transport and Plant Engineering View Available Classes

Underground and surface mine transport systems, including truck haulage, free steered vehicles, rail haulage, wire rope hoisting, belt conveying, silo storage, hydraulic pipelining and pneumatic conveying. Auxiliary mining services such as electric power distribution, pumping and compressed air power. Labs include software-based design problems dealing with the materials taught in the classroom. Prerequisites: MIN E 295 and ECE 209.

MIN E 402 - Mine Design Project I View Available Classes

First phase of a dynamic scenario-based mine feasibility study from exploration through operations to final mine closure plan. Includes preparation of a geological model, calculation of resources, generation of focused technical reports, community consultation and economic reports. Identify and compare conceptual mining methods for consideration in Mine Design Project II (see MIN E 403). Prepare regular team reports and presentations. Present findings during a half-day final industry seminar. Weekly seminars with instructor and industry experts. Corequisites: MIN E 413 and MIN E 414. Note: Restricted to fourth-year traditional and fifth-year co-op engineering students.

MIN E 403 - Mine Design Project II View Available Classes

Second phase of a dynamic scenario-based mine feasibility study from exploration through operations to final mine closure plan. This course follows MIN E 402 with detailed mine plans and equipment selection, manpower, ventilation, processing, environment and economic analyses. Prepare regular team reports and presentations. Present findings during an industry seminar. Weekly seminars with instructor and industry experts. Prerequisite: MIN E 402. Note: Restricted to fourth-year traditional and fifth-year co-op engineering students.

MIN E 407 - Principles of Mine Ventilation View Available Classes

Principles and practices of underground total air conditioning. Control of quantity, quality, and temperature-humidity of the underground mines. Design and analyses of mine ventilation networks. Theory and applications of fans to mine ventilation systems. Ventilation planning and overall system design. Prerequisites: MIN E 414 and one of CIV E 330 or CH E 312. Corequisite: MIN E 422.

MIN E 408 - Mining Enterprise Economics View Available Classes

Fundamentals of economic evaluation. Cost estimation, commodity price modelling and revenue forecasts and taxation related to mine development. Economic evaluation of mining ventures, profitability, risks and uncertainty analyses. Commodity markets and mine management strategies. Weekly laboratory/tutorial sessions will address case studies and specific problems. Prerequisites: ENG M 310 or 401, and STAT 235.

MIN E 413 - Surface Mining Methods and Operations Management View Available Classes

Principles and application of surface mining methods (mechanical, aqueous, and continuous surface mining methods). Production and productivity considering the generation of mine specific landform structures. Loading and hauling systems. Water drainage systems. Haul road design and maintenance. Waste dump and tailings facility design and management. Closure and reclamation. Prerequisites: MIN E 310, 330, 323, and 325.

MIN E 414 - Underground Mining Methods View Available Classes

Methods and applications in underground excavation and tools to select equipment for underground drilling and loading processes. Methodology to examine shape, size and orientation effects, as well as support requirements, in the design of underground mine opening. Methods include room-and-pillar, sublevel stoping and caving, vertical crater retreat, block caving, selective methods for vein mines, and underground coal mining systems. Labs include software-based design problems dealing with underground mining methods selection, visualization and optimization. Prerequisites: MIN E 323, MIN E 324 and MIN E 325 or consent of Instructor.

MIN E 420 - Mine Equipment Selection and Maintenance View Available Classes

Introduction to the principles of equipment selection and maintenance practice. Selected issues of machine and component longevity, wear, service and performance for both surface and underground equipment. Basic principles of maintenance management are introduced. Prerequisites: CIV E 270, MIN E 413 and MIN E 414.

MIN E 422 - Environmental Impact of Mining Activities View Available Classes

Environmental impact of mining projects and activities. Topics include: environmental impact assessment (EIA) processes, sustainable development, mine closure, reclamation planning, social responsibility of mining, regulations, guidelines, surface subsidence, tailings disposal, erosion and acid rock drainage. Corequisite: MIN E 413.

MIN E 555 - Special Topics in Mining Engineering View Available Classes

Research studies and/or projects dealing with selected metal, nonmetal and coal mining subjects. Suitable subjects are chosen in consultation with a mining engineering faculty member. Typical study categories are reserve evaluation, surface and underground mining methods and operations, mine planning, computer simulation of mining operations, mineral processing, ventilation, regulations, mine safety, feasibility studies, economics and management. Prerequisite: consent of Instructor

MIN E 610 - Principles of Mining Engineering View Available Classes

Principles and fundamental subjects in Mining Engineering at the advanced level: definition of the terms used in mining, particularly those that are specific to either mines or minerals. Definition of mineral resource, reserve, and stages of mining based on applicable standards. Classification of mining methods, mining process, and selection of mining equipment. Waste dump design and management.

MIN E 612 - Principles of Geostatistics View Available Classes

Geostatistical methods are presented for characterizing the spatial distribution of regionalized variables. The theory of random variables and multivariate spatial distributions is developed. This class focuses on the quantification of spatial variability with variograms, estimation with kriging, and simulation with Gaussian techniques.

MIN E 613 - Non-Parametric and Multivariate Geostatistics View Available Classes

Cell based methods for geology modeling, including indicator formalism for categorical data and truncated Gaussian simulation. Object based and process-based approaches for fluvial reservoirs. Indicators for continuous variable estimation and simulation. Multivariate geostatistics including models of coregionalization, cokriging, Gaussian cosimulation, Markov-Bayes simulation and multivariate data transformation approaches. Introduction to advanced simulation approaches including direct simulation, simulated annealing and multiple point simulation. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.

MIN E 614 - Risk Management with Geostatistics View Available Classes

Advanced methods for the modeling of heterogeneity, quantification of uncertainty and management of risk. The theory and place of historical and advanced methods in geostatistics. Matrix methods, alternative variogram measures, kriging with a trend, dual kriging, spectral simulation, direct simulation and multiple point statistics.

MIN E 615 - Application of Geostatistics View Available Classes

Public domain and commercial software are reviewed for geostatistical modeling. Special projects in petroleum, mining, environmental and other areas will be undertaken.

MIN E 620 - Rock Mechanics View Available Classes

Properties of intact rocks and testing methods. Properties of rock masses and rock mass classifications. Rock and rock mass strength criteria. Stresses in rock masses. Analysis of rock mass performance, rock support and stabilization. Empirical, analytical and numerical analysis techniques. Surface and underground rock engineering case studies Prerequisite: Consent of Instructor.

MIN E 622 - Mining Equipment Design, Benchmarking and Performance View Available Classes

A study of selected surface and underground mining equipment designs, enhancements and appropriateness for operation within given mining conditions. Strategies for machine dynamic performance benchmarking and evaluation, as tools for planning, maintenance and operations scheduling are considered for good and poor operating environments. Prerequisite: consent of Instructor.

MIN E 630 - Advanced Mine Transport View Available Classes

Advanced studies in the methods and systems of material movement in mines. In-depth consideration of selection, specifications, and costs of transportation for surface and underground mines. Prerequisites: MIN E 330 and 413, or 414, or consent of Instructor.

MIN E 631 - Surface Mine Design and Optimization View Available Classes

Surface mining methods, mechanics of surface mine layouts design, haul roads design, waste dump design, theory of Lerchs-Grossman's, floating cone, conditional simulation, neural network and heuristic algorithms for surface mine optimization. Large scale applications of these algorithms for designing and optimizing surface mine layouts and subsequent advance mining systems design. Students undertake design projects under Instructor's direction. Prerequisites: MIN E 413 or consent of Instructor.

MIN E 632 - Mining Equipment Engineering and Management View Available Classes

Surface and underground mining equipment engineering and management approaches are investigated. Use of the observational method to equipment management is introduced. Theory and application of planning, operations and maintenance strategies will be discussed with appropriate case studies. Students undertake retrofit and/or hybrid design assignments for selected equipment operational issues. Prerequisite: MIN E 520, MIN E 622 or consent of Instructor.

MIN E 640 - Simulation of Industrial Systems View Available Classes

Formulation of models of engineering problems and industrial systems for experimentation using a general purpose simulation language. Statistical and operational validation of simulation results. Prerequisite: consent of Instructor.

MIN E 641 - Discrete-Event Simulation View Available Classes

Fundamentals of discrete-event simulation modelling and its industrial applications. Theoretical and statistical aspects of simulation, including input analysis, random number generation, experimental design, and variance reduction techniques. Arena Simulation Environment used for explaining simulation concepts.

MIN E 650 - Special Topics in Mining Engineering View Available Classes

Special studies of developments of current interest within the mining industry in exploration, mining methods, mine planning, mine simulation, environment, regulations, economics and management; e.g. tar sands mining, ocean mining, in situ gasification.

MIN E 651 - Application of Mine Planning and Design View Available Classes

The course integrates theory and applications by means of undertaking a design project using mine planning software. Emphasis is placed on pit limit optimization, strategic mine planning, short-term planning, and open pit mine design. Prerequisites: MIN E 631 or consent of the Instructor.

MIN E 661 - Advanced Applications of Simulation and Modelling View Available Classes

The course integrates theory and applications by means of undertaking a real-world simulation project using discrete event simulation software. Emphasis is placed on transporters, customization of simulation using VBA, pseudo agent-based modeling, simulation based optimization, verification and validation techniques, and experimental design. Prerequisite MIN E 641 or consent of the instructor.

MIN E 710 - Mining View Available Classes

Readings and discussion of selected topics in mining engineering.

MIN E 900A - Directed Research View Available Classes

An engineering project for students registered in a Masters of Engineering program.

MIN E 900B - Directed Research View Available Classes

An engineering project for students registered in a Masters of Engineering program.

MIN E 910A - Directed Research View Available Classes

An engineering project for students registered in the joint MBA/MEng program.

MIN E 910B - Directed Research View Available Classes

An engineering project for students registered in the joint MBA/MEng program.

The metabolic equivalent of task (MET) is the objective measure of the ratio of the rate at which a person expends energy, relative to the mass of that person, while performing some specific physical activity compared to a reference, set by convention at 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram per minute, which is roughly equivalent to the energy expended when sitting quietly.

Quantitative definitions[edit]

Based on oxygen utilization and body mass[edit]

The original definition of metabolic equivalent of task is the oxygen used by a person in milliliters per minute per kilogram body mass divided by 3.5.

Other definitions which roughly produce the same numbers have been devised, such as:

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${\displaystyle \text{1 MET}=1\frac{\text{kcal}}{\text{kg}\times \text{h}}=4.184\frac{\text{kJ}}{\text{kg}\times \text{h}}=1.162\frac{\text{W}}{\text{kg}}}$

where

• kcal = kilocalorie
• kg = kilogram
• h = hour
• kJ = kilojoule
• W = watt

Based on watts produced and body surface area[edit]

Still another definition is based on the body surface area, BSA, and energy itself, where the BSA is expressed in m²:

${\displaystyle \text{1 MET}=58.2\frac{\text{J}}{\text{s}\times \text{BSA}}=58.2\frac{\text{W}}{{\text{m}}^2}=18.4\frac{\text{Btu}}{\text{h}\times {\text{ft}}^2}}$

which is equal to the rate of energy produced per unit surface area of an average person seated at rest. The BSA of an average person is 1.8 m² (19 ft²). Metabolic rate is usually expressed in terms of unit area of the total body surface (ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55^[1]).

Based on resting metabolic rate[edit]

Originally, 1 MET was considered as the resting metabolic rate (RMR) obtained during quiet sitting.^[2][3]

Although the RMR of any person may deviate from the reference value, MET can be thought of as an index of the intensity of activities: for example, an activity with a MET value of 2, such as walking at a slow pace (e.g., 3 km/h) would require twice the energy that an average person consumes at rest (e.g., sitting quietly).^[4][5]

Use[edit]

MET: The ratio of the work metabolic rate to the resting metabolic rate. One MET is defined as 1 kcal/kg/hour and is roughly equivalent to the energy cost of sitting quietly. A MET also is defined as oxygen uptake in ml/kg/min with one MET equal to the oxygen cost of sitting quietly, equivalent to 3.5 ml/kg/min. The MET concept was primarily designed to be used in epidemiological surveys, where survey respondents answer the amount of time they spend for specific physical activities.^[3]MET is used to provide general medical thresholds and guidelines to a population.^[6][7] A MET is the ratio of the rate of energy expended during an activity to the rate of energy expended at rest. For example, 1 MET is the rate of energy expenditure while at rest. A 4 MET activity expends 4 times the energy used by the body at rest. If a person does a 4 MET activity for 30 minutes, he or she has done 4 x 30 = 120 MET-minutes (or 2.0 MET-hours) of physical activity. A person could also achieve 120 MET-minutes by doing an 8 MET activity for 15 minutes.^[8]

In a systematic review of physical activity and major chronic diseases, a meta‐analysis of 11.25 MET h/week increase in physical activity yielded: 23% lower risk of cardiovascular disease mortality (RR=0.77, 95% Confidence interval 0.71-0.84), and 26% lower risk of type 2 diabetes (0.74 RR, 95% CI, 0.72-0.77).^[9]

Exercise guidelines[edit]

The American College of Sports Medicine and American Heart Association guidelines count periods of at least 10 minutes of moderate MET level activity towards their recommended daily amounts of exercise. For healthy adults aged 18 to 65, the guidelines recommend moderate exercise for 30 minutes five days a week, or vigorous aerobic exercise for 20 minutes three days a week.^[10]

Activities[edit]

Limitations[edit]

The definition of MET is problematic when used for specific persons.^[4][5] By convention, 1 MET is considered equivalent to the consumption of 3.5 ml O₂·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ (or 3.5 ml of oxygen per kilogram of body mass per minute) and is roughly equivalent to the expenditure of 1 kcal per kilogram of body weight per hour. This value was first experimentally derived from the resting oxygen consumption of a particular subject (a healthy 40-year-old, 70 kg man) and must therefore be treated as a convention. Since the RMR of a person depends mainly on lean body mass (and not total weight) and other physiological factors such as health status, age, etc., actual RMR (and thus 1-MET energy equivalents) may vary significantly from the kcal/(kg·h) rule of thumb. RMR measurements by calorimetry in medical surveys have shown that the conventional 1-MET value overestimates the actual resting O₂ consumption and energy expenditures by about 20% to 30% on the average, whereas body composition (ratio of body fat to lean body mass) accounted for most of the variance.^[4][5]

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Standardized definition for research[edit]

The Compendium of Physical Activities was developed for use in epidemiologic studies to standardize the assignment of MET intensities in physical activity questionnaires. Dr. Bill Haskell from Stanford University conceptualized the compendium and developed a prototype for the document. The compendium was used first in the Survey of Activity, Fitness, and Exercise (SAFE study – 1987 to 1989) to code and score physical activity records. Since then, the compendium has been used in studies worldwide to assign intensity units to physical activity questionnaires and to develop innovative ways to assess energy expenditure in physical activity studies. The compendium was published in 1993 and updated in 2000 and 2011.^[15][16]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
2. ^Ainsworth et al. 1993
3. ^ ^abAinsworth et al. 2000
4. ^ ^abcByrne et al. 2005
5. ^ ^abcSavage, Toth & Ades 2007
6. ^Royall et al. 2008
7. ^World Health Organization 2010^{[page needed]}
8. ^'Appendix 1 – 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines – health.gov'.
9. ^Wahid, A.; Manek, N.; Nichols, M.; Kelly, P.; Foster, C.; Webster, P.; Kaur, A.; Friedemann Smith, C.; Wilkins, E.; Rayner, M.; Roberts, N.; Scarborough, P. (2016). 'Quantifying the Association Between Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis'. Journal of the American Heart Association. 5 (9): e002495. doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002495. PMC5079002. PMID27628572.
10. ^ ^abcdefghiHaskell, William L.; et al. (2007). 'Physical Activity and Public Health'. Circulation. 116 (9): 1081–1093. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185649. ISSN0009-7322. The guidelines are free to download.
11. ^ ^abLarson-Meyer, D. Enette (2016). 'A Systematic Review of the Energy Cost and Metabolic Intensity of Yoga'. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 48 (8): 1558–1569. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000922. ISSN0195-9131. The review examined 17 studies, of which 10 measured the energy cost of yoga sessions.
12. ^Frappier et al. 2013
13. ^ ^abcdefJetté, M.; Sidney, K.; Blümchen, G. (1990). 'Metabolic Equivalents (METS) in Exercise Testing, Exercise Prescription, and Evaluation of Functional Capacity'. Clinical Cardiology. 13 (8): 555–565. doi:10.1002/clc.4960130809. PMID2204507.
14. ^'General Physical Activities Defined by Level of Intensity'(PDF). cdc.gov. CDC. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
15. ^Ainsworth et al. 2011
16. ^'Compendia – Compendium of Physical Activities'. Compendium of Physical Activities on Google Sites. Retrieved 26 May 2018. Web site with links to the Compendia

Sources[edit]

• Ainsworth, Barbara E.; Haskell, William L.; Herrmann, Stephen D.; Meckes, Nathanael; Bassett, David R.; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Greer, Jennifer L.; Vezina, Jesse; Whitt-Glover, Melicia C.; Leon, Arthur S. (2011). '2011 Compendium of Physical Activities'. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 43 (8): 1575–81. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31821ece12. PMID21681120.
• Ainsworth, Barbara E.; Haskell, William L.; Leon, Arthur S.; Jacobs, David R.; Montoye, Henry J.; Sallis, James F.; Paffenbarger, Ralph S. (1993). 'Compendium of Physical Activities: Classification of energy costs of human physical activities'. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 25 (1): 71–80. doi:10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011. PMID8292105.
• Ainsworth, Barbara E.; Haskell, William L.; Whitt, Melicia C.; Irwin, Melinda L.; Swartz, Ann M.; Strath, Scott J.; O'Brien, William L.; Bassett, David R.; Schmitz, Kathryn H.; Emplaincourt, Patricia O.; Jacobs, David R.; Leon, Arthur S. (2000). 'Compendium of Physical Activities: An update of activity codes and MET intensities'. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 32 (9 Suppl): S498–504. CiteSeerX10.1.1.524.3133. doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009. PMID10993420.
• Byrne, Nuala M.; Hills, Andrew P.; Hunter, Gary R.; Weinsier, Roland L.; Schutz, Yves (2005). 'Metabolic equivalent: One size does not fit all'. Journal of Applied Physiology. 99 (3): 1112–9. CiteSeerX10.1.1.494.7568. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00023.2004. PMID15831804.
• Royall, Penelope Slade; Troiano, Richard P.; Johnson, Melissa A.; Kohl, Harold W.; Fulton, Janet E. (2008). 'Appendix 1. Translating Scientific Evidence About Total Amount and Intensity of Physical Activity Into Guidelines'. 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. United States Department of Health and Human Services. pp. 54–7.
• Manore, Melinda; Thompson, Janice (2000). Sport Nutrition for Health and Performance. Human Kinetics. ISBN978-0-87322-939-5.
• Savage, Patrick D.; Toth, Michael J.; Ades, Philip A. (2007). 'A Re-examination of the Metabolic Equivalent Concept in Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease'. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention. 27 (3): 143–8. doi:10.1097/01.HCR.0000270693.16882.d9. PMID17558194.
• Sotile, Wayne M.; Cantor-Cooke, R. (2003). Thriving with Heart Disease: A Unique Program for You and Your Family. pp. 161–2. ISBN978-0-7432-4364-3.
• World Health Organization (2010). Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. World Health Organization. ISBN978-92-4-159997-9.
• Frappier, J.; Toupin, I.; Levy, J.J.; Aubertin-Leheudre, M.; Karelis, A.D. (2013). 'Energy Expenditure during Sexual Activity in Young Healthy Couples'. PLoS ONE. 8 (10): e79342. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079342. PMC3812004. PMID24205382.

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External links[edit]

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